Emerging Trends in Climate Change (ETCC)
Year : 2026, Volume 5, Issue 1
First page : 1-10
Article doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2583-4770.134
Global Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Ecosystem Services of Urban Forests: A Systematic Review
Vivek Meena¹*, Pratima Shrivastava2
1Research Scholar, 2Professor Department of Botany, Government College Kota, University of Kota, Kota, Rajasthan *Corresponding Author E-mail: vivek.meena438@gmail.com Received: 10.2.2026 | Revised: 27.03.2026 | Accepted: 19.04.2026
ABSTRACT
Rapid urbanization and climate variability have intensified interest in urban forests and their role in sustainable city development. Urban trees, including those in parks, streets, and periurban woodlands, provide essential ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, temperature regulation, stormwater management, air purification, biodiversity conservation, and human well-being. This review synthesizes findings from peer-reviewed studies published between 2005 and 2025, drawing on bibliometric analyses, thematic reviews, and major international research projects. Research output has increased substantially since 2010, with significant contributions from Europe, North America, and East Asia. Advances in remote sensing, LiDAR, and modeling techniques have improved the assessment of urban tree cover and ecosystem services. Findings indicate that urban forests effectively mitigate climate impacts by storing carbon, reducing urban heat, filtering pollutants, and decreasing runoff. Additionally, access to green spaces enhances physical and mental health. However, unequal distribution of urban greenery remains a major challenge, particularly in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities, highlighting the need for equitable urban greening strategies.
